ABSTRACT
Respiratory system,. lung,. and chest wall resistances and dynamic elastances were determined in six anesthetized. paralysed, and mechanically ventilated guinea pigs both before and after lower transversal abdominal opening performed at the level of the spina iliaca anterosuperior. Furthermore, the resistances were also split into their two components, one reflecting the Newtonian resistances and the other representing the viscoelastic/inhomogeneous pressure dissipations in the system. The method of end-inflation occlusion during constant inspiratory flow was used. Chest wall configuration was also evaluated by measurements of lateral and anteroposterior diameters and circumferences at the 4th intercostal space and xiphoid levels both at functional residual capacity and at the end of tidal inspiration before and after surgery. After abdominal incision no statistically significant changes could be detected in any of the measured variables. It may be concluded that lower transversal abdominal opening does not alter respiratory mechanics.
Subject(s)
Animals , Guinea Pigs , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Thoracic Surgery , Functional Residual CapacityABSTRACT
Introduçao. A hepatite crônica pelo vírus C apresenta tendência evolutiva para cirrose hepática e hepatocarcinoma. Tratamento, com drogas antivirais, está indicado numa tentativa de modificar a evoluçao da doença. Objetivo. Avaliar a resposta de pacientes com hepatite crônica ou cirrose pós-hepatite C ao tratamento com interferon alfa recombinante e identificar os fatores associados com boa resposta terapêutica. Métodos. Foram estudados 38 pacientes com hepatite crônica ativa ou cirrose pelo vírus C, tratados com 2,5 a 3,0MU de interfon três vezes por semana, por períodos de 6 a 12 meses. Considerou-se resposta completa e duradoura quando a ALT e AST se mantinham normais por período de seis meses após o término do tratamento, e resposta completa com recidiva naqueles em que houve elevaçao das enzimas após a suspensao da droga. Resultados. Houve normalizaçao da ALT e AST em 17 dos 38 pacientes (44,7 por cento). Deste grupo, 9/17 tiveram resposta completa e duradoura, e em 8/17 houve aumento das enzimas após a interrupçao do tratamento. Houve uma tendência de melhor resposta ao interferon nos pacientes jovens e naqueles com hepatite crônica ativa (ao invéz da cirrose). Os efeitos colaterais mais frequentes foram febre (80 por cento), mialgia (60 por cento), astenia (50 por cento), cefaléia (40 por cento) e artralgia (36 por cento). Conclusoes. O tratamento com interfon alfa recombinante mostrou resposta satisfatória e duradoura em 23 por cento dos casos, com melhor resultado em pacientes jovens e sem cirrose associada.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Adult , Liver Cirrhosis/therapy , Hepatitis C/therapy , Hepatitis, Chronic/therapy , Interferon Type I/therapeutic use , Age Factors , Aged, 80 and over , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Liver Cirrhosis/enzymology , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Follow-Up Studies , Hepatitis C/enzymology , Hepatitis, Chronic/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Chronic/enzymologyABSTRACT
Crithidia fasciculata is an important trypanosomatid parasite commonly affecting insects and is used extensively as a model for the study of the biochemistry, ultrastructure and organization of the kDNA network of trypanosomatids. The present study describes the evolution of UV-induced morphological changes detectable by transmission electron microscopy in Crithidia fasciculata. Although only rare and minor changes in Kinetoplast DNA were demonstrable 7 h after UV irradiation, alterations of this orgtanelle were present in almost al flagellates observed 24 h and 48 h after irradiation. Other cell structures were apparently undamaged. Ultrastructural changes in kDNA did not correspond to changes in antigenicity of protein bands in western blotting against serum from Chagas' disease patients or in the presence of 3 different lectin receptors on the surface of the parasite